Hi Ruby friends: I can push thru an array fine: irb(main):059:0> a => [["a", 2], ["b", 1], ["c", 3]] irb(main):060:0> a << ["d",4] => [["a", 2], ["b", 1], ["c", 3], ["d", 4]] cannot do it using hash. irb(main):061:0> h => {"a"=>2, "b"=>1, "c"=>3} irb(main):062:0> h << "d"=>4 SyntaxError: compile error (irb):62: syntax error irb(main):063:0> h << {"d"=>4} NoMethodError: undefined method `<<' for {"a"=>2, "b"=>1, "c"=>3}:Hash irb(main):064:0> h << ("d"=>4) SyntaxError: compile error (irb):64: syntax error Is there a reason why "<<" isn't allowed for hashes? kind regards -botp