Hello, I searched internet and the ml and realised this question was asked many times, but i never found a satisfying answer for me. I have an application that will read data (web pages) in different encodings (at least latin1, latin2, possibly cp1250, potentially i would like to support all possible encodings letting the user give me a string.. maybe i'm dreaming). For now I only support latin2. but when i'll add utf-8 and other encodings, i'll then mix all those encodings in a file... i would like to convert these strings to unicode and from then on only to deal with unicode. From what I understand: a/ the character set conversion is not supported from ruby proper. there are libraries (where???). i found uconv, but it seems more utf8-japanese encodings than latin1/2. i didn't find anything else in http://raa.ruby-lang.org/cat.rhtml?category_major=Library;category_minor=I18N and http://raa.ruby-lang.org/cat.rhtml?category_major=Library;category_minor=Text maybe http://raa.ruby-lang.org/list.rhtml?name=codeconv but i see only binary, euc (what's that?), sjis, utf8 support. i don't think EUC is latin1/2, but I may be wrong. for this conversion I could use "recode" in command-line although it's not very elegant :O( b/ anyway it's a moot point, because ruby doesn't handle unicode strings.. at least it's what I understood. am I wrong? Well, i read it should work, but then from what I understood capitalize, size etc don't work. once more, if I understood correctly, there are libaries for this (one is 0.1, one is 0.2 "may work"). I'm also worried after seeing on a xterm -u8: [emmanuel@emmanuels output]$ irb irb(main):001:0> "a".size => 1 irb(main):002:0> "".size => 2 irb(main):003:0> maybe you don't see the second character, it's latin2, and it's just one character... so, is it so bad as i seems, doctor? emmanuel PS: thank you for reading this long mail, and as I said, I'm aware this was asked many times, only I didn't find anything clear yet... -- "If there is any kind of God, it's not in you or in me, but in the space between us" -- Celine, "Before Sunrise" (It's not about what you do, it's about what you give.)