> I would once have been offended that Perl provides a grep built-in which > can be trivially implement in terms of map. Now, I see this as a very > useful semantic-level feature, If you like that kind of "redundancy", Ruby has a lot of it. Oh, by the way, this is the, hum, Ruby, hum, mailing-list. > Amen. I'm reminded of a comparison I once heard between APL and LISP: > "APL is a flawless diamond, perfect, symmetrical, an irreducible whole. But it is not. Second-order operators can only be passed built-in first-order operators. You cannot build your own second-order operators. Then at least you can write your own first-order operators, with dynamic scoping. The rest is a bunch of gotos. matju