I spent some time this weekend purusing the "Programming Ruby" book (Great book, btw). As is common, more knowledge leads to more questions. So here is the first of several ... The "Programming Ruby" book indicates that there may be semantic differences between "dup" and "clone", particularly in descendent classes. I'm not entirely sure why there would be a difference and exactly what that difference is. Could someone elaborate? -- -- Jim Weirich jweirich / one.net http://w3.one.net/~jweirich --------------------------------------------------------------------- "Beware of bugs in the above code; I have only proved it correct, not tried it." -- Donald Knuth (in a memo to Peter van Emde Boas)