Hello nobu, Wednesday, December 18, 2002, 4:47:39 PM, you wrote: >> hash = Hash.new{Hash.new} nnsn> Hash 'default' proc never modify the hash itself automatically. nnsn> Try with this. nnsn> hash = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new} thanks. but with Hash.new(...) hash element updated to default value. is this difference intended? -- Best regards, Bulat mailto:bulatz / integ.ru