Hello Ruby Friends, From now on, I'll prefix my questions w YANQ (yet another (ruby) newbie question) so it would be easier for you to delete (in case :-). My YANQotd is regarding string#concat. A sample code and output would be good to illustrate: C:\family\ruby>type a1.rb fn = "bot" ln = "pen" name = fn.concat(ln) print "first name: ", fn puts print "last name : ", ln puts print "full name : ", name C:\family\ruby>ruby a1.rb first name: botpen last name : pen full name : botpen I noticed that concat modified fn. I looked for other concat methods but couldn't find one (but the + op). I was hoping that there would be a concat! and concat pair (like chop!/chop and chomp!/chomp). Maybe string#concat! was deprecated for "+"? My concern is that (as a newbie), I'm trying to avoid methods with "!" (like chomp!/chop!) so I have less to worry/know. My strategy was working and I was actually coding w breeze... until I bump.. :-( Pls enlighten. kind regards, -botp