> 3. This almost becomes a semantic argument. Yes, we don't "use" > it as a grave accent, but I still think that is what it "is." As a crude > analogy, Ruby's inheritance operator (<) really "is" a less-than > sign, but is not "used" that way. Well, there are two inheritance-related usages of "<". One is the less-than on Partial Orders. The other is as much a less-than as the assignment operator is an equal: it makes a class "less-than" another class. In Partial Orders, not only a comparison between A and B can give "less-than", "equal", or "greater-than", but it can also give "none". However, in Ruby's Class#<=>, "none" is confounded with "greater-than" (the direct relationship between Array and Hash is "none") ================ By the way (i'm drifting off-topic... argh) a trick that makes Ruby inheritance funkier than the intended (?) Partial Order, is: module Foo; end module Bar; include Foo; end module Foo; include Bar; end class Unf; include Foo; end a = Unf.new then those strange things happen: Unf.ancestors != Unf.ancestors.uniq Foo < Bar && Bar < Foo This is already better than the infinite recursion I expected... matju