, Thank you Sugihara-san, for the corrections. I will redo as you suggested. One point: | | %q{Hello World} # an alternative to '...' | # (ends at the matching }) ~~~ # (ends at the matching parenthesis, this case }) Actually, the JE translator originally had the word 'parenthesis' here, translating the Japanese kakko ³ç¸Ì . Japanese kakko ³ç¸Ì includes both ( ) and { } and maybe [ ], doesn't it? But I have the feeling that in English the use of 'parenthesis' or 'parentheses' is usually limited to only the ( and ). If this is true, } cannot be 'a case of' parenthesis. So I deleted the word 'parenthesis' from the translation and inserted }. Or, perhaps I am wrong and English 'parenthesis' *can* include curly braces { } and square brackets [ ] and well as ( and ). Is any other kind of kakko ³ç¸Ì, besides { }, used in this syntax in Ruby? Thanks again. Jon -- Jon Babcock <jon / kanji.com>