This is a pretty trivial error to generate. Just reference the constant that doesn't exist: $ irb ruby-1.9.2-p180 :001 > module X; module Foo; end; end => nil ruby-1.9.2-p180 :002 > X::Foo::X NameError: uninitialized constant X::Foo::X ~ jf -- John Feminella Principal Consultant, BitsBuilder LI: http://www.linkedin.com/in/johnxf SO: http://stackoverflow.com/users/75170/ On Wed, Jun 8, 2011 at 09:16, Steve Klabnik <steve / steveklabnik.com> wrote: > throw NameError.new("uninitialized constant X::Foo::X") >