unknown wrote in post #998975: > I started investigating ruby. > It's very informal, which is NOT suitable for computing. In that case I think you'll enjoy trying to understand the semantics of String in ruby 1.9 (not): https://github.com/candlerb/string19/raw/master/string19.rb Anyway, there was an attempt to produce a formal spec for ruby, which may be what you're looking for, although it seems to have gone quiet: http://ruby-std.netlab.jp/ It was based on ruby 1.8.7. Otherwise, I guess ruby is not the language for you. For those who need to write programs using formal methods or safety-critical systems I'd say it's definitely not. But many of us use it because ruby helps us write useful applications quickly and enjoyably. -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.