Oliver Peng wrote: > Ruby will always use ASCII-8BIT as encoding when you use String.new to > create a new String object. Ugh. That's another special case to add to http://github.com/candlerb/string19/blob/master/string19.rb However in practice it doesn't matter much, because the empty string is compatible. irb(main):001:0> s1 = String.new => "" irb(main):002:0> s2 = "gro" => "gro" irb(main):003:0> s1.encoding => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT> irb(main):004:0> s2.encoding => #<Encoding:UTF-8> irb(main):005:0> s1 + s2 => "gro" And as for this which you found: irb(main):003:0> s = "%c%c%c%c%c".force_encoding("US-ASCII") => "%c%c%c%c%c" irb(main):004:0> t = s % [49, 5, 245, 225, 1] => "1\x05\xF5\xE1\x01" irb(main):005:0> t.encoding => #<Encoding:US-ASCII> I think it's just one of the many bugs in ruby 1.9.x, likely due to a total lack of specification of the new behaviour for all methods which accept or return strings (although if there's no specification, I suppose you can't really argue it's a bug; it can behave however it likes) -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.