Wow, memprof is great stuff. I have a case I don't really understand, though. (On 1.8.7-p249) I have <code> Memprof.start # optionally GC.start <code> Whether I have the Memprof.start call in there or not changes the = results of GC.start. [GC.start should be a complete mark/sweep, = shouldn't it?] My context is Johnson, which is linking to Spidermonkey, the Mozilla JS = interpreter. Johnson has C ext Ruby objects that are roots to = Spidermonkey's GC. If I run GC.start w/o Memprof.start, it appears Ruby = refs are getting through the GC and staying roots to Spidermonkey. = Simply adding Memprof.start changes this: the GC.start does (apparently) = free those roots. I don't know that this is related to Memprof per-se: just happened to be = what I was using. Is this simply stack shadowing, with Memprof dirtying = the stack enough that Ruby doesn't see any false references? I suppose I should try on REE ...=