Using Ruby 1.8 (for Rails 2.3.5) I have a cvs file that was exported from an Excel file. Some of the text contains characters like ???Test in quotes??? (I think these are smart quotes) I can properly change this to UTF-8 via: Iconv.conv("utf-8", "cp1251", text) Other text contains text like spanish characters like Señora. I can properly change this to UTF-8 like this: Iconv.conv("utf-8", "iso-8859-1", text) However I cannot figure out how to get some text that has both types of characters like this: ???Test in quotes??? Señora If I don't get these properly into utf-8 they do not persist properly in mysql (they appear as ?) Any ideas? Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance. -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.