In Ruby *all* methods are abstract unless implemented by a class. Or to put it in a more useful way, abstract methods are not required in a dynamically typed language such as Ruby, only in typed languages like Java or C++. ________________________________ Dr. Nathaniel Pryce B13media Ltd. 40-41 Whiskin St, London, EC1R 0BP, UK http://www.b13media.com ----- Original Message ----- From: "Peter Hickman" <peter / semantico.com> To: "ruby-talk ML" <ruby-talk / ruby-lang.org> Sent: Tuesday, March 12, 2002 4:24 PM Subject: Method type 'abstract' > The one thing I miss in Ruby is the abstract class method to go along > with public and private. I know it is easy to work around by having the > default abstract class simply raise an exception but would it be > difficult to implement this as part of Ruby? >