Someone recently made a suggestion that I found interesting. Sorry, I can't recall who it was, nor have I found the post in the last few minutes of searching. The poster mentioned that quite apart from their traditional use, Ruby modules might be used as a way of de-cluttering the toplevel, i.e., namespace management. What do others think about this? Hal -- Hal Fulton Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ Before you buy.