I can see what happened now. The one line script which failed is this, "test.rb" require "iconv" In the same directory was the script from my previous post, named "iconv.rb". Evidently there is some rule of precedence here whereby when running test.rb, ruby first looked in the relative path and loaded iconv.rb causing the error. This is consistent. What is confusing and inconsistent is that running "iconv.rb" as itself works sometimes but not others. Renaming it obviously prevents the problem. Sorry again. -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.