From: Jun Young Kim [mailto:jykim / altibase.com] #... # AIK, "%*s" is to use for concatenation of array. can you point me a link to that info? afaik, "*" is used for field widths, eg, > p "%*s" % [2,"1"] " 1" > p "%*s" % [2,1] " 1" > p "%.*s" % [2,"abcdef"] "ab"