Mathieu Bouchard" <matju / sympatico.ca> wrote in ... > You're on crack. No plain, C_17 H_21 NO_4 ;-)) > > > and ModZ < ModX will always fail. > > Swap the two 'include' lines above, and the test won't fail. > but I was most concerned with the case where it _does_ fail. True however if you want an include mechanism that works transitive you can always write a method Module#ordered_include that is transitive. Anyway "<" is not anti-reflexive either and the above ModZ < ModX really reports correctly - i.e. ---- # as above module ModX def x;end end class A include ModZ end A.new.x #=> raises a NameError non methods ... ---- /Christoph