Hi -- On Tue, 25 Mar 2008, Adam Akhtar wrote: > >> The most common idiom is: >> >> (hash[key] ||= []) << value >> > > Thanks for the reply. Can I ask what these || mean..in this case do they > mean OR??? Yes. This: a ||= b is the same as: a or a = b I used to describe it like this: a = a || b but there are some edge cases where that doesn't apply (having to do with hash defaults, actually, but you don't need to worry about it in this case). Matz clarified it with the "or" version at RubyConf last year. > does anyone have any good links on using the use of arrays with hashes > in this manner? I don't know -- I just sort of use them :-) David -- Rails training from David A. Black and Ruby Power and Light: ADVANCING WITH RAILS April 14-17 New York City INTRO TO RAILS June 9-12 Berlin ADVANCING WITH RAILS June 16-19 Berlin See http://www.rubypal.com for details and updates!