On Jan 27, 9:00 ¨Âí¬ ÐáïìÂïîúéî¼âïîú®®®Àçîõ®ïòç÷òïôåº
> I tried running a similar program in GNU Smalltalk and the results
> were disappointing for Ruby 1.8: GNU Smalltalk was about 10 times
> faster for this solution, and 18 times faster for the slower
> solution.  ¨Âèå òáôéçïåó äï÷î æòïí ±¸ ôï ±° ðòïâáâìù âåãáõóöáòéáâìå> size collection in Smalltalk require an OrderedCollection, which is
> written in 100% Smalltalk (unlike Ruby's Arrays and Smalltalk's fixed-
> size Arrays).  ¨Â§ä âå öåòù éîôåòåóôåä éæ ðåïðìå òáéô õîäåÒõâù ±®> or Rubinius and gave times for it.

Slim2:Desktop phrogz$ ruby -v
ruby 1.8.6 (2007-09-24 patchlevel 111) [i686-darwin9.1.0]

Slim2:Desktop phrogz$ time ruby paolo.rb
Loaded suite paolo
Started
.........
Finished in 24.261524 seconds.

9 tests, 25240 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

real	0m24.290s
user	0m24.253s
sys	 0m0.026s



Slim2:Desktop phrogz$ ruby190 -v
ruby 1.9.0 (2007-12-25 revision 14709) [i686-darwin9.1.0]

Slim2:Desktop phrogz$ time ruby190 paolo.rb
Loaded suite paolo
Started
.........
Finished in 10.284006 seconds.

9 tests, 25240 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

real	0m10.338s
user	0m10.301s
sys	0m0.036s



Slim2:Desktop phrogz$ cat paolo.rb
def make_change(a, list = [25, 10, 5, 1])
  # to pass testcases :-P
  return nil if a < 0
  return nil if a != a.floor
  parents = Array.new(a + 1)
  parents[0] = 0
  worklist = [0]
  while parents[a].nil? && !worklist.empty? do
    base = worklist.shift
    list.each do |coin|
      tot = base + coin
      if tot <= a && parents[tot].nil?
        parents[tot] = base
        worklist << tot
      end
    end
  end
  return nil if parents[a].nil?
  result = []
  while a > 0 do
    parent = parents[a]
    result << a - parent
    a = parent
  end
  result.sort!.reverse!
end

require 'test/unit'
N = 40
class TestMakeChange < Test::Unit::TestCase
  def test_no_solution
    N.times{
      assert_equal( nil, make_change( -1 ) )
      assert_equal( nil, make_change( 1, [] ) )
      assert_equal( nil, make_change( 1.5, [2, 1] ) )
      assert_equal( nil, make_change( 1, [2] ) )
      assert_equal( nil, make_change( 7, [5, 3] ) )
      # 1023 instead of 127 is too slow :(
      assert_equal( nil, make_change( 127, (1..10).map{ |n|
2**n } ) )
    }
  end
  def test_no_change
    N.times{
      assert_equal( [], make_change(0) )
    }
  end
  def test_one_coin
    N.times{
      a = [*(1..100)]
      for i in a
        assert_equal( [i], make_change(i, a) )
      end
    }
  end
  def test_ones
    N.times{
      a = [*(1..100)]
      for i in a
        assert_equal( [1]*i, make_change( i, [1]+a[i..-1] ) )
      end
    }
  end
  def test_two_middles
    N.times{
      for i in 1..100
        b = i*10
        m = b/2+1
        assert_equal( [m, m], make_change( m*2, [b, m, 1]) )
      end
    }
  end
  def test_first_and_last
    N.times{
      for i in 1..10
        b = i*100
        assert_equal( [b, 1], make_change( b+1, (1..b).to_a) )
      end
    }
  end
  def test_binary
    N.times{
      a = (0..7).map{ |n| 2**n }.reverse!
      for i in 0..255
        bits = a.inject([i]){ |r,x|
          r[0]<x ? r : [ r[0]-x, *(r[1..-1]<<x) ]
        }[1..-1]
        assert_equal( bits, make_change( i, a ) )
      end
    }
  end
  def test_primes
    N.times{
      a = [3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53,
59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]
      a.reverse!
      for i in 1..a.size
        v = a[0,i].inject(){|r,n|r+n}
        r = make_change( v, a )
        assert( r.size <= i )
      end
      for i in 1..a.size/2
        assert_equal( 2, make_change( a[i]+a[-i], a ).size )
      end
      # by tho_mica_l
      assert_equal( [97]*46 + [89, 7, 5], make_change( 4563, a ) )
    }
  end
  def test_misc
    N.times{
      assert_equal( [25, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1], make_change( 39 ) )
      assert_equal( [9, 2], make_change( 11, [10, 9, 2] ) )
      assert_equal( [5, 2, 2, 2], make_change( 11, [10, 5, 2] ) )
      assert_equal( [8]*3, make_change( 24, [10, 8, 5, 1] ) )
      assert_equal( [9]*3, make_change( 27, [10, 9, 5, 1] ) )
      #
      for i in 1..8
        assert_equal( [9]*i, make_change( 9*i, [10,9,1] ) )
        assert_equal( [10]+[9]*i, make_change( 10+9*i, [10,9,1] ) )
      end
    }
  end
end