On 5/21/07, Yossef Mendelssohn <ymendel / pobox.com> wrote: > Ahh, this reminds me of college. Some other people may have had to > look up the algorithm or figure it out by the supplied magic squares, > but a decade later, I still remember. Of course, back then we started > at the bottom middle, not the top middle. Doesn't make much of a > difference in the end, though, and that's why it's for odd side > lengths. You're right that it doesn't mattter if you just want to generate an odd-order magic square. On the other hand, Conway's LUX algorithm for generating a magic square of an order which has a single 2 in its prime factorization, makes use of an odd order magic square which starts in the center cell of the top row to seed the values for generating the larger square. -- Rick DeNatale My blog on Ruby http://talklikeaduck.denhaven2.com/