Robert Dober schrieb: >> I'm most curious about "self.included". I checked out the docs on >> 'included' >> (http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Module.html#M001661). > This is the doc about #include not #included!! You are looking for the wrong Method - see documentation about "Object#extend". The usages are visible in the example: module ClassMethods def method_one puts "in method_one" end def method_two puts "in method_two" end end def incl1(x) x.extend(ClassMethods) end module Mymod def self.incl2(x) x.extend(ClassMethods) end end incl1(String) Mymod.incl2(Array) String.method_one # => in method_one String.method_two # => in method_two Array.method_one # => in method_one Array.method_one # => in method_one Wolfgang NáÅasi-Donner