On 08.02.2007 21:43, Robert Klemme wrote: > And, make the string / stream to append to a parameter. That way you > don't need to create potentially large strings during recursion before > you append them but you can directly append - you basically just have one. PS: Forgot to mention that the last one might be one of the improvements that bring most benefits together with using <<. The pattern is def meth(out = '') ... ... # recursion another.meth(out) ... out end Have fun! robert