I get: irb(main):001:0> ENV.keys.size => 15 irb(main):002:0> ENV.keys[0..14] => ["TERM_PROGRAM", "TERM", "SHELL", "CLICOLOR", "TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION", "USER", "__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING", "PATH", "RI", "PWD", "SHLVL", "HOME", "LOGNAME", "SECURITYSESSIONID", "_"] Which is a smaller set of environmental variables quite different than what is described in the Pickaxe Book. Did the Ruby powers trim them? Just curious. -- Conscience is thoroughly well-bred and soon leaves off talking to those who do not wish to hear it. -Samuel Butler, writer (1835-1902)