fr david: # I'm not sure about its being more compact, unless you've got multiple # conditions in one when. Compare: # # if a == 1 # ... # elsif a == 2 # ... # else # ... # end # # with: # # case # when a == 1 # ... # when a == 2 # ... # else # ... # end when i use it, i think more in "blocks". it's like "there's a case i'm handling, and the conditions are...". # In any, ummmm, case... :-) I'm glad to be reminded of it. Do you use # it when things get more deeply nested? i combine it w if-else (no elsif) kind regards -botp