On Wed, 29 Mar 2006, Robert Klemme wrote: > You could as well leave the member nil and change the getter appropriately: > > class Foo > def mine() @mine || FROZEN_EMPTY_HASH end > def step2() mine.each_pair ... > end > > Or do the test in step2... > @mine and @mine.each_pair ... I didn't want to do that since @mine.each and .has_key? was going to be evaluated often and in many places. ie. The optimization tweak would have been a shot gun hack all over the place. However, if anybody had listened to me about the Null Object pattern and nil.... I wouldn't have had to do anything. John Carter Phone : (64)(3) 358 6639 Tait Electronics Fax : (64)(3) 359 4632 PO Box 1645 Christchurch Email : john.carter / tait.co.nz New Zealand Carter's Clarification of Murphy's Law. "Things only ever go right so that they may go more spectacularly wrong later." From this principle, all of life and physics may be deduced.