Thanks for the well thought out and thought-provoking reply! >> In teaching these reluctant learners, I would work from the known to the >> unknown -- a standard technique for teachers. This is great advice and I'll be sure to give it a lot more consideration. >> These people have probably been hammering C for years This is my fault for not being very clear. Actually the target audience is an ASP/VBScript programmer, and a SQL developer who has focused on Microsoft SQL Server 2000's DTS package development for the past few years. The mandate is that something is going to change. C# is up for evaluation. Having done a lot of C#, used NHibernate, Aspect#, ASP.NET, went to MonoRail, and then to Ruby and Rails, I'm very pro-Ruby. Technically I suppose anything is up for evaluation, so we could throw Java in the mix, but I don't see much reason to muddy the waters. Naturally the more tools available the better IMO, and I plan to use C, C++, C#, etc in the future, but I'm trying to make a focused effort here and keep it simple.