Hi -- On Fri, 9 Dec 2005, Hank Gong wrote: > I carefully read two articles about classmethods and singleton concept. > Now for me, the concept of classmethods seems not difficult for me now. It's > just singleton methods for a class because class is also a object. > However, the concept of singleton still not clear for me, also how to use > them is also not making sense for me. > Basically an object's singleton class is a class created ad hoc, and in a sense retroactively, for the sole purpose of being the-class-where-this-object's-singleton-methods are defined and live. David P.S. Aside to Tom S.: I agree it's ad hoc in the sense of being for a specific purpose, but I'm not sure I agree that it's ad hoc where the "hoc" (actually the "hic", I guess, in the nominative case :-) is the object itself. One then runs into questions like: are instance variables "ad hoc" variables? etc. -- David A. Black dblack / wobblini.net "Ruby for Rails", forthcoming from Manning Publications, April 2006!