As some may recall, I'm fiddling with some string manipulation in a recent series of articles. I'm wondering about the specific implementation of operations like slice, on String (and on Array). Specifically, does slicing a String copy the bytes, or point into the old string, and similarly for Array? I see that if I modify the slice, the original is not modified, and vice versa, but have the bytes already been copied when the slice is created? Or not until later? Similar questions for Array, all around, and for operations like <<. Bottom line, are all the methods of String and Array directly allocating storage, or are any of them "virtual"? My guess is that the bytes are copied. If so, is anyone aware of a class or classes that address substrings and such as virtual copies? Thanks, -- Ron Jeffries www.XProgramming.com I'm giving the best advice I have. You get to decide if it's true for you.