> is there a standard 'stdin' and/or 'stdout' "name", e.g. the '-' in perl? I > see a reference to something like it when using "Kernel.open('|-')" --- but > this seems to be the only/special case? The Ruby interpreter defines three global IO objects: $stdin $stdout $stderr as the *current* standard input/output/error for Ruby (which is to say they can be reassigned). The original (constant) IO streams are also stored as STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR. Hope this helps, Lyle