On Sat, 19 May 2001, Steve Tuckner wrote: > Thanks for the tip. That worked however, each class that has this mixed in, > must call super in its initialize function even though the class has no > "real" superclass. I don't suppose there is any way around that? No, because there would have to be a way to say that you don't want super to be called, and a way to say when you want super to be called, and to get the return value of it, etc. So I think it's preferable to keep it explicit. By the way, "super" is kind of a misnomer. Ruby's method is most similar to that of the language Self, which calls it "resend" (Damian Conway proposed NEXT for Perl 6). Ruby does a depth-first, last-to-first lookup on all the methods that match, and super simply takes the next one in the list. When I say last-to-first, I mean the last included module, up to the first included module, and then the superclass (the "zeroth included module") matju