Factory is a very common pattern in the java world, in some places it's almost considered 'Evil (TM)' to have any sort of knowledge of object construction. In the Ruby world, where Classes and Objects seem to be de-emphasised, constructing an object with .new doesn't seem to be held as such a bad thing. I know there are a few IOC containers in the RubyWorld, but they dont seem to be overly popular. Why might this be so? cheers lyndon