Haha, I can't believe I'm actually standing up for Java. This is ridiculous. So, what you're saying is that there _are_ objects to represent classes (and perform certain operations with the class), but they aren't powerful enough to _really_ call class objects. I'm right there with you on that one. But plenty of Java guys will jump at the statement 'classes aren't objects in Java'. It's a matter of what you are willing to call a class object. It feels a lot like the argument that Ruby doesn't have first order functions. Well, we do, but not exactly like you'd expect (see discussion today on the list about it). Not analogous, but it's all about where the draw the line about what's what. And our ruby classes have limitations too, which might lead some smalltalkers to declare 'Ruby doesn't _really_ have class objects'. After all, we can't serialize our classes and send them somewhere else for use in instantiating objects (without serious hackery). So, yea, I'm right there with you after all. Dan