I have a Person with title, forename and surname (all of which are optional). I want to return a 'pretty' name for this person in the format.. title + <space> + forename + <space> + surname ..where any extraneous spaces are removed. My name method currently looks like this def name ( (title.to_s.strip.empty? ? "" : title.to_s.strip << " ") << (forename.to_s.strip.empty? ? "" : forename.to_s.strip << " ") << (surname.to_s.strip.empty? ? "" : surname.to_s.strip) ).strip end I created seven tests for this method for each combination of the three parameters. All seven tests pass with this implementation. Note. I was half way through writing about how I should probably test for nil and maybe return an empty string from the three (title, forename, surname) methods when I realised that all I was really doing was testing for nil in a roundabout way; i.e. convert possible nil's to string then strip spaces then check for empty... I started thinking about this some more and realised that a test for nil would return false which would allow me to re-write the above method like so.. def name ( (title ? title.strip << " " : "") << (forename ? forename.strip << " " : "") << (surname ? surname.strip : "") ).strip end This gets rid of the nasty duplication and double question marks in the first method. I also realised that I needed another test - for all nil's. They all still passed. What I was originally going to ask was how to improve on the first implementation above. Even though (in my opinion) the second implementation is a lot cleaner I'm still interested in whether it can be made even more succinct as in 'the ruby way'? It may be a very small method and have taken me about an hour to go through this process but I'm quite pleased as to how it's turned out. Chris