>> saying 'is closely associated with class IO'. Now, I would look at IO >> if File extended it, but that is not the case. What's the bond between >> File and IO? > > File inherits from IO: > > irb(main):004:0> File.ancestors > => [File, IO, File::Constants, Enumerable, Object, Kernel] File does "extend" IO: irb(main):001:0> File.superclass => IO