James Britt wrote: >> There *are* good, useful definitions of what constitutes a functional >> languages, and Ruby does not match the criteria for most of them. >> Probably the most fundamental of all criteria is that the language >> does not allow side-effects, such as assignment. We're OT now, but my ignorance of FP is such that I can't imagine a language without assignment. > Interesting. Paul Graham, author of a few books on Lisp, has a new book > out called Hackers and Painters. It's a collection of essays, most if > not all of which are, I believe, on his web site (paulgraham.com). I might have to buy that, web or not. Paul Graham is cool. I find him to be clever, profound, and insightful. (As opposed to most of us who struggle simply to be clever and profound.) > There's an essay ("Revenge of the Nerds") toward the end of the book, > part of sequence that sings the praises of (surprise) Lisp, and in it he > mentions that many of the newer programming languages seem to follow a > pattern of each one (perl -> python -> ruby ) being increasingly more > like Lisp. Ruby is mentioned only sporadically in his book, and mostly > in the latter chapters, but in this essay he goes so far as to say that > if you showed Lisp to hackers in 1975, and said it was a dialect of Lisp > with some syntax added, no one would argue otherwise. You must mean: s/showed Lisp/showed Ruby/ Correct? Hal