On Sun, 13 Jun 2004 20:08:48 +0900, you wrote: >In fact this has nothing to do with procedural vs. OO. The way how >variables (locations) and values are related is completely orthogonal to the >nature of the language (procedural or OO). in my particular case i'm thinking black box approach. i don't want the variable to 'exist' any more. i don't know if that's how it's thought of in perl, but when i undef($x), $x is no longer there for me to use unless i assign it something, and i can test that it isn't with: if ! defined($x) # do something. as long as ruby 'acts' the same way, it's all i need.